This guide provides EORI (Economic Operators Registration and Identification) number format specifications for all EU member states. Understanding country-specific formats helps ensure successful validation and prevents formatting errors in customs declarations.
All EORI numbers consist of a two-letter ISO country code followed by up to 15 alphanumeric characters. The specific structure after the country code varies by member state, often based on existing national identification systems.
The European Commission specifies that EORI numbers must:
Format: ATEOS + identifier or AT + customs number
Example: ATEOS1000012345
Austrian EORI numbers typically include "EOS" after the country code for numbers issued through the standard registration system. Numbers may also be based on the ATU VAT number structure.
Format: BE + enterprise number (10 digits)
Example: BE0123456789
Belgian EORI numbers are based on the KBO/BCE enterprise number. The format mirrors the Belgian VAT number structure.
Format: BG + UIC or EGN (9-10 digits)
Example: BG123456789
Bulgarian EORI numbers use the Unified Identification Code (UIC) for companies or Personal Number (EGN) for individuals.
Format: HR + OIB (11 digits)
Example: HR12345678901
Croatian EORI numbers are based on the Personal Identification Number (OIB), the same identifier used for VAT purposes.
Format: CY + tax identification number
Example: CY12345678X
Cypriot EORI numbers typically follow the VAT number format with 8 digits and a letter.
Format: CZ + IČO or birth number (8-10 digits)
Example: CZ12345678
Czech EORI numbers use the company registration number (IČO) for legal entities or personal numbers for individuals.
Format: DK + CVR number (8 digits)
Example: DK12345678
Danish EORI numbers are based on the CVR (Central Business Register) number, identical to the VAT number structure.
Format: EE + registry code (8-11 digits)
Example: EE12345678
Estonian EORI numbers use the business registry code as the unique identifier.
Format: FI + Y-tunnus (8 digits)
Example: FI12345678
Finnish EORI numbers are based on the Business ID (Y-tunnus), the same identifier used for VAT and company registration.
Format: FR + SIRET number (14 digits)
Example: FR12345678901234
French EORI numbers use the full SIRET number (SIREN + NIC). This is longer than the VAT number which uses only the SIREN portion.
Format: DE + customs registration number (up to 15 digits)
Example: DE123456789012345
German EORI numbers can be up to 17 characters total. They are assigned by customs (Zoll) and are distinct from the VAT identification number, though they may incorporate elements of it.
Format: GR + AFM (9 digits)
Example: GR123456789
Note: Unlike VAT numbers which use EL, EORI numbers use the standard ISO code GR for Greece.
Format: HU + tax number (8-11 digits)
Example: HU12345678
Hungarian EORI numbers are based on the tax identification number.
Format: IE + Revenue registration number
Example: IE1234567X
Irish EORI numbers typically follow the VAT number format assigned by Revenue.
Format: IT + fiscal code (11-16 characters)
Example: IT12345678901
Italian EORI numbers use either the 11-digit VAT number for companies or the 16-character fiscal code for individuals.
Format: LV + registration number (11 digits)
Example: LV12345678901
Latvian EORI numbers are based on the unified registration number.
Format: LT + company code or personal code (9-11 digits)
Example: LT123456789
Lithuanian EORI numbers use the company registration code for legal entities or personal identification number for individuals.
Format: LU + national identifier (8-11 digits)
Example: LU12345678
Luxembourg EORI numbers are based on the national registration number.
Format: MT + VAT number (8 digits)
Example: MT12345678
Maltese EORI numbers typically correspond to the VAT registration number.
Format: NL + RSIN + sequence (up to 15 digits)
Example: NL123456789000000
Dutch EORI numbers are based on the RSIN (formerly sofinummer) followed by additional digits. The format differs from the VAT number by omitting the B separator and potentially having more trailing digits.
Format: PL + NIP or REGON (10-14 digits)
Example: PL1234567890
Polish EORI numbers are based on the NIP (Tax Identification Number) or REGON (statistical number).
Format: PT + NIF (9 digits)
Example: PT123456789
Portuguese EORI numbers use the NIF (Tax Identification Number).
Format: RO + CUI (2-10 digits)
Example: RO12345678
Romanian EORI numbers are based on the Unique Registration Code (CUI).
Format: SK + IČO (8-10 digits)
Example: SK12345678
Slovak EORI numbers use the company identification number (IČO).
Format: SI + tax number (8 digits)
Example: SI12345678
Slovenian EORI numbers are based on the tax identification number.
Format: ES + NIF/CIF (9 characters)
Example: ESA12345678
Spanish EORI numbers use the NIF (for individuals) or CIF (for companies), matching the VAT number format.
Format: SE + organization number (10-12 digits)
Example: SE123456789012
Swedish EORI numbers are based on the organization number, similar to the VAT number structure.
Following Brexit, businesses trading with Great Britain need separate GB EORI numbers. These begin with GB followed by 12 or 15 digits and are verified through HMRC's system, not the EU EORI database. For Northern Ireland, XI-prefix EORI numbers are used for movements subject to the Protocol. See our XI Numbers and Brexit guide for details.
For EORI verification guidance and links to the official validation tool, visit our EORI Verification page.
